Transport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Transport - Essay Example Then again, the effect of ventures on the earth has been separated as per a progression of variables †the degree of inclusion of these modern exercises in regular daily existence demonstrates the possible effect of these exercises on nature. Nations around the globe have embraced various approaches planning to diminish the effect of their mechanical exercises on nature. The accomplishment of this objective is frequently troublesome being relied upon the capacity of governments to distinguish the genuine reasons for the issue and to present the measures that are generally proper in the particular case. Current paper centers around the introduction and the assessment of the arrangements and measures presented by the Scottish government towards the decrease of the effect of transport on environmental change. Accentuation is given on the variables that influence the exhibition of these measures. Besides, recommendations are made as to the extra approaches accessible to the Scottish government and others intending to control the effect of transport on environmental change. Transport has been a modern area firmly related with the earth. Actually, it has been demonstrated that the different methods for transport influence nature yet this effect can be successfully controlled if proper approaches are created ahead of time. Now, the level at which condition influences the legislative strategies of a specific nation is of critical significance; the assessment of the reaction of governments to the environmental change †as the pertinent approaches are introduced underneath †has prompted the presumption that not all nations adjust their vital choices to the requirements of nature; in Scotland, the country’s government have given huge consideration on the possible impacts of transport of environmental change; this pattern is reflected in the Climate Change Delivery Plan, an administrative system planning to diminish the effect of transport of environmental change. The

Managing Human Resources HRMT for Automobile Firms- myassignmenthelp

Question Examine about theManaging Human Resources HRMT for Automobile Firms. Answer: Presentation Holden Car Manufacturing Company is viewed as one of the most seasoned vehicle firms in Australia with its reality in the nation being followed back to the mid 1850s. The organization was authoritatively begun in the year 1856 as a cowhide and saddlery maker, and later it moved tasks into car producer in the year 1908 (Heritage Center, 2017). The organization turned into the auxiliary of the US-based General Motors (GM) in the year 1931 after which it was renamed General Motors Holden Ltd in the year 2005. The vehicles activities extended altogether outside the Australian market and it got one of the significant car firms in the nation. General Motors Holden Ltd has picked up its situation in Australia as the biggest boss giving various business chances to the populace and is the biggest vehicle exporter in Australia (Heritage Center, 2017). To keep up its serious edge in the vehicle business, Holden has utilized the utilization of fitting HR rehearses which add to the low steady los s rates in the organization. In spite of its achievement in the business driving from its imaginativeness and suitable human asset rehearses, the organization despite everything faces a few difficulties in its enlistment. The current paper, consequently, digs in distinguishing the essential key difficulties that the firm faces in selecting its workforce. The paper at that point gives suggestions on the proper procedures that can be utilized to address the difficulties. Key Challenges for Recruiting the Workforce The enrollment procedure in any association is constantly viewed as a fundamental capacity for human asset division. The procedure includes carrying new and new gifts into the association workforce and subsequently, it requires great business point of view, discretion, great promoting aptitudes just as the capacity to discover and precisely coordinate the best potential applicants with the need of the association. Attributable to numerous inner factors, for example, a maturing workforce, the expanding hole among flexibly and request and hierarchical picture, human asset experts are consistently in steady need of new staff to be selected in the association faculty (Reiche et al., 2016). Be that as it may, most human asset experts in enormous business undertakings, for example, Holden vehicle fabricating industry in Melbourne are constantly confronted with new rising difficulties in their push to get the best workforce for the organization. Rivalry for Talent Like in any industry, Holden vehicle fabricating is confronting the test of sourcing and enrolling simply the best and reasonable potential possibility for different situations in the firm. The contemporary occupation showcase is described by solid rivalry for the accessible abilities, and this makes it extensively difficult for organizations to get valid people in their work groups (O'Brien Linehan, 2014). The issue is additionally exasperated by the continually rising advancements and a lack of specific gifts in particular regions of the business (Peppard Ward, 2016). Given the hardened rivalry for a gifted workforce, the organizations are additionally at steady danger of losing their workforce through practices, for example, ability poaching and striking. Abilities Shortage The achievement of the vehicle business is profoundly subject to its capacity to use a significant wide scope of abilities from cutting edge architects to proficient advertisers. The rising development in the creation volume of vehicles by the organization has added to an expansion sought after for the talented workforce at all the degrees of creation. With the cutting edge mechanical progression, the car business has grasped the utilization of progressively modern designing and creation works on bringing about the interest for profoundly talented faculty (Aswathappa, 2013). At Holden, there is adequate accessibility of youthful alumni engineers who contribute fundamentally to the creation procedure. Be that as it may, the organization experience intense lack of experienced specialists who want to stay in standard obligations regarding quite a while as a large portion of its accomplished workforce tends to very to different less requesting obligations (Ewing et al., 2013). It is in t his manner noticed that the human asset office faces the test of recognizing experienced specialists who are imperative in its creation. Also, the organization faces the danger of having a talented workforce sooner rather than later because of the open impression of the assembling and car industry. The ascent in libertarian culture has prompted the loss of regard for exchange and the confusion that people have on car ventures which they see as old, uproarious, needs reasonable compensation and doesn't give chances to vocation advancement (Jones George, 2015). In view of this observation, Holden most people avoid making sure about openings for work in the assembling business particularly the new alumni who have the craving for brisk profession advancement. This circumstance has contributed the loss of gifted work at the firm in spite of the rising interest for the profoundly talented work power. The organization has accordingly confronted an incredible test in making sure about gifted work in the exceptionally popularity based present day society (Miller Gordon, 2014). Ability Mismatch The organization is additionally confronted with the test of getting the ideal counterpart for people with the necessary ranges of abilities. While Holden as a global organization has a huge range of potential enlisted people from everywhere throughout the world, getting the necessary individuals who have the perfect aptitude blend isn't in every case simple. As per Purce (2014), albeit authoritative enrollment specialists may land application from inactive position searchers, they are constantly meet with the issue of finding the correct individuals for the predetermined activity in the organization. Methodologies to Address the Challenges Ordinarily, the enrollment procedure is frequently portrayed by filling empty situations with people who have coordinating necessities, and this prompts the powerlessness of getting the ideal people for explicit positions. As indicated by Timming, (2015) to cure the circumstance associations must make a find some kind of harmony between sourcing for position-need and selecting individuals dependent on their aptitude and mastery paying little mind to position. It is vital for murmur asset experts to stop the mainstream outlook where they recruit aptitude basically for positions rather they have to receive employing incredible abilities in the separate fields. After choice and enlistment, while the selection representatives might be committed to fill the empty positions, the recently recruited people must be available to preparing and learning the required abilities (Stone Deadrick, 2015). Given the changing innovative scene and proceeding with ability poaching and assaulting, a business association can protect their restricted ability pool by furnishing their staff with satisfactory preparing and specialized introduction. Kultalahti and Viitala, (2015) see that appropriate ability the board inside an association is a significant procedure for protecting the organizations particular workforce from ability indecencies, for example, poaching. While the facts confirm that the test of hardened rivalry that organizations face is genuine, firms must differentiate their recruiting practices to guarantee that they get the necessary talented work force. Organizations that request uncommon preparing must beginning enlisting their staffs from mentorship stage where they enroll people while still in schools and afterward furnish them with essential preparing. Along these lines, Hurn, (2014) see that organizations will have gotten away from the issue of each organization scrambling for the restricted pool of abilities after their graduation. With the rising caution because of the loss of talented work, Holden endeavors to utilize some suitable techniques to forestall the persistent fall in both new and experienced workforce. These systems are likewise planned for pulling in a satisfactory number of expert into the organization to improve the nature of its tasks (Rul Bondarouk, 2014). One of the embraced methodologies is the formation of Youth Opportunities Program in South Australia which is intended to keep up understudies in school for a more extended period giving them adequate chance to get familiar with the various elements of assembling industry. It is seen that Holdens vehicle gathering plant is arranged in an area which has high joblessness rates and in this way the organization has wandered into starting both medium and long haul preparing programs planned for outfitting the nearby networks with fundamental aptitudes to make sure about employments at the firm (Burns, 2014). With such activities, the organization is making proper components among the neighborhood network which make people work prepared along these lines sustaining and making sure about their work aptitudes. Other than making roads for making sure about openings for work, Holden likewise gives openings preparing to effectively qualified people who want to reemerge the vehicle business and this is outfitted towards improving the organizations workforce decent variety (Clibborn et al., 2016). End General Motors Holden has become the biggest car organization in Australia because of its far reaching activities and economies of scale which gives an upper hand. With its wide extent of activities and piece of the overall industry, the organization utilizes a cutting edge strategy for creation and propelled work practices to cause it to stay at the highest point of the business. In spite of its prosperity, the organization faces various selecting provokes which, all things considered, meddle with its productivity. Work power assumes a fundamental job in the creation and the executives of the firm and thusly, embracing fitting procedures planned for upgrading the abilities of the laborers, bringing down the wearing down rates, improving the competency and effectiveness of the laborers and furthermore those which grow the business openings. HR significantly center around two essential issues which are the enlistment of

Gauge Your Procrastination Habit With a Simple Quiz

Gauge Your Procrastination Habit With a Simple Quiz Theories Personality Psychology Print Gauge Your Procrastination Habit With a Simple Quiz By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on July 10, 2018 Paul Bradbury / Getty Images More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Just how bad is your procrastination habit? The fact is that we all procrastinate at some time or another. You might even be procrastinating right now by taking an online quiz instead of focusing on something else you really need to be doing. There are plenty of reasons why we procrastinate, but one of the first steps toward overcoming this often destructive tendency is to evaluate your own behavior. Procrastination Quiz Grab a pen and a piece of paper to jot down your responses for each statement and then score yourself at the bottom of the page.   1. You have a major deadline approaching and lots of work to finish. a. I usually find things to distract myself until the last minute and then finish just in time in a hair-raising frenzy.b. I work on things here and there  but still find myself rushing to finish at the last minute.c. I set a schedule, work a little each day, and actually end up finishing early. 2. How do you feel about deadlines? a. Whats a deadline? Seriously, I just tend to ignore them.b. They are annoying and I always feel like Im struggling to get things done in time.c. I enjoy them. They help me stay focused and on track. 3. Do you have a tough time getting started, particularly with things that you dont enjoy doing? a. Yes! I sometimes spend hours just planning to get started.b. Sometimes. Or I will start something and then stall out before I finish.c. Never. The soon I get started, the sooner Ill be done. 4. How do you react when something is difficult or if you are not sure how to do it? a. I usually just avoid doing it altogether.b. Ill put it off until the last minute.c. Ill do some research or ask for help and then get started. Id rather tackle the difficult projects right away. 5. What approach do you use for staying on track? a. I like to just wing it and I never make plans.b. I hate feeling constrained by schedules so I like to leave things open.c. I make to-do lists for each project and set deadlines for each step. 6. How often do you find yourself feeling stressed out because you waited until the last minute to finish a project? a. Almost every day. I feel like Im always behind on something.b. Sometimes, especially if Im dealing with a big project.c. Rarely. I try to stay on top of things because I hate dealing with last-minute stress and anxiety. 7. How often do you wait until the last moment to pay bills? a. All the time. Most of my payments are actually a couple of days late. Oops!b. Sometimes I forget and barely make my payments on time.c. Never. I carefully track all of my payments and utilize any automatic payment options that are available to help me stay on track. 8. Which motto sounds most like you?   a. Why do today what I can put off until tomorrowb. Its easier to keep up than to catch up.c. The best way to get something done is to begin. 9. How often do you think about improving your time management skills? a. Frequently, but it just seems like a lot of work.b. There are times I think I could probably do better.c. Rarely. Im a time management maven. 10. Whats your favorite way to waste time at work?   a. I think I spend more time playing online games, checking my email, and playing on Facebook than I spend working.b. Sometimes I wander into another cubicle to chat with a co-worker for a few minutes.c. I sometimes switch to working on other work-related tasks just so I can stay on top of things. Scoring Your Procrastination Quiz Results Mostly As: If you answered A on most of the questions, then you probably have a fairly serious problem with procrastination. Your habit of putting things off might be having a negative impact on multiple areas of your life, including your personal life, work, and social life. It may be a good idea to review a few tips that can help you stop procrastinating as much. Mostly Bs: If you answered B on most of the questions, then you probably dont have a terribly serious problem with procrastination. Sure, you might find yourself dawdling on certain things, but you have managed to avoid making a habit out of dithering. If you find that there are certain times of day or tasks that you procrastinate more often, explore some tips on overcoming those challenges. Mostly Cs: If you answered C on most of the questions, then you are not much of a procrastinator. You are good at organizing your time. You enjoy tackling projects and crossing them off of your to-do list. Keep this up and dont let procrastination become a bad habit in the future. A Word From Verywell We all procrastinate just a little bit and its not the end of the world and some people simply thrive on deadlines. It only tends to become a problem if it interferes with our work, social and home life, or if it leads to a dangerous situation. Keep this quiz in mind and do your best to avoid putting things off too long. You might notice a significant reduction in stress when you do.

Miranda Rights Your Rights of Silence

A cop points at you and says, Read him his rights. From TV, you know this is not good. You know that you have been taken into police custody and are about to be informed of your Miranda Rights prior to being questioned. Fine, but what are these rights, and what did Miranda do to get them for you? How We Got Our Miranda Rights On March 13, 1963, $8.00 in cash was stolen from a Phoenix, Arizona bank worker. Police suspected and arrested Ernesto Miranda for committing the theft. During two-hours of questioning, Mr. Miranda, who was never offered a lawyer, confessed not only to the $8.00 theft, but also to kidnapping and raping an 18-year-old woman 11 days earlier. Based largely on his confession, Miranda was convicted and sentenced to twenty years in jail. Then the Courts Stepped In Mirandas attorneys appealed. First unsuccessfully to the Arizona Supreme Court, and next to the U.S. Supreme Court. On June 13, 1966, the U.S. Supreme Court, in deciding the case of Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966), reversed the Arizona Courts decision, granted Miranda a new trial at which his confession could not be admitted as evidence, and established the Miranda rights of persons accused of crimes. Keep reading, because the story of Ernesto Miranda has a most ironic ending. Two earlier cases involving police activity and the rights of individuals clearly influenced the Supreme Court in the Miranda decision: Mapp v. Ohio (1961): Looking for someone else, Cleveland, Ohio Police entered Dollie Mapps home. Police did not find their suspect, but arrested Ms. Mapp for possessing obscene literature. Without a warrant to search for the literature, Ms. Mapps conviction was thrown out. Escobedo v. Illinois (1964): After confessing to a murder during questioning, Danny Escobedo changed his mind and informed police that he wanted to talk to a lawyer. When police documents were produced showing that officers had been trained to ignore the rights of suspects during questioning, the Supreme Court ruled that Escobedos confession could not be used as evidence. The exact wording of the Miranda Rights statement is not specified in the Supreme Courts historic decision. Instead, law enforcement agencies have created a basic set of simple statements that can be read to accused persons prior to any questioning. Here are paraphrased examples of the basic Miranda Rights statements, along with related excerpts from the Supreme Courts decision. 1. You have the right to remain silent The Court: At the outset, if a person in custody is to be subjected to interrogation, he must first be informed in clear and unequivocal terms that he has the right to remain silent. 2. Anything you say can be used against you in a court of law The Court: The warning of the right to remain silent must be accompanied by the explanation that anything said can and will be used against the individual in court. 3. You have the right to have an attorney present now and during any future questioning The Court: ...the right to have counsel present at the interrogation is indispensable to the protection of the Fifth Amendment privilege under the system we delineate today. ... [Accordingly] we hold that an individual held for interrogation must be clearly informed that he has the right to consult with a lawyer and to have the lawyer with him during interrogation under the system for protecting the privilege we delineate today. 4. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed to you free of charge if you wish The Court: In order fully to apprise a person interrogated of the extent of his rights under this system then, it is necessary to warn him not only that he has the right to consult with an attorney, but also that if he is indigent a lawyer will be appointed to represent him. Without this additional warning, the admonition of the right to consult with counsel would often be understood as meaning only that he can consult with a lawyer if he has one or has the funds to obtain one. The Court continues by declaring what the police must do if the person being interrogated indicates that he or she does want a lawyer... If the individual states that he wants an attorney, the interrogation must cease until an attorney is present. At that time, the individual must have an opportunity to confer with the attorney and to have him present during any subsequent questioning. If the individual cannot obtain an attorney and he indicates that he wants one before speaking to police, they must respect his decision to remain silent. But -- You can be arrested without being read yourMiranda Rights The Miranda rights do not protect you from being arrested, only from incriminating yourself during questioning. All police need to legally arrest a person is probable cause -- an adequate reason based on facts and events to believe the person has committed a crime. Police are required to Read him his (Miranda) rights, only before interrogating a suspect. While failure to do so may cause any subsequent statements to be thrown out of court, the arrest may still be legal and valid. Also without reading the Miranda rights, police are allowed to ask routine questions like name, address, date of birth, and Social Security number necessary to establishing a persons identity. Police can also administer alcohol and drug tests without warning, but persons being tested may refuse to answer questions during the tests. An Ironic Ending for Ernesto Miranda Ernesto Miranda was given a second trial at which his confession was not presented. Based on the evidence, Miranda was again convicted of kidnapping and rape. He was paroled from prison in 1972 having served 11 years. In 1976, Ernesto Miranda, age 34, was stabbed to death in a fight. Police arrested a suspect who, after choosing to exercise his Miranda rights of silence, was released. Answers to Commonly Asked Questions About the Miranda WarningsAdd U.S. Gov/Infos Headlines to MyYahoo

IQ †Does It Say The Truth

Did you know an average person has an intelligence quotient (IQ) of 100 points? The highest IQ recorded in history was of Marilyn vos Savant, who got an intelligence quotient of 228! Did you know what vos Savant’s claim to fame was? A few ‘Dear Abby’ styled columns and a few books based on that. Contrast this with OJ Simpson’s IQ level at 89. Confused much? Befuddled much? Bamboozled much? That’s because the IQ is not an accurate representation of what you are. To some circles, IQ may matter but in the grander scheme of things, one doesn’t need a high IQ level to strike gold in real life. Let’s see how IQ levels shouldn’t matter much in the realm of the personal and the professional. The Purpose of IQ Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon had this idea one day, an idea to measure one’s mental capacity. They came up with a standardized test to measure verbal ability, ostensibly as a means to determine mental retardation. Their humble and noble attempt was the start of something, as later on, William Stem sought to study a child’s mental acumen with their chronological age. Stern became the father of the term ‘intelligence quotient’, giving birth to a process of measuring IQ. Stern laid down a process of calculating IQ, by dividing the mental age of an individual by their chronological age, and then multiplying that value by 100 times. Simply put, if a child of 8 years has the mental age of 4 years, his IQ would be calculated as 8 x 4 = 32. The issue was how could one determine the mental age of an individual? This is the first issue which crops up when calculating IQ. IQ Tests Are Not Fair Some IQ tests measure general knowledge. Does merely possessing the right amount of facts and numbers make a person intelligent? Einstein famously remarked, ‘facts and figures that can be looked up in an encyclopedia’ (or Google) do not make for a sharp mind. Intelligence is more about figuring out problems logically and by reasoning. IQ Tests Are About Intelligence, Not Bragging Rights Though the underlying reason for IQ test is noble, human nature, on the other hand, renders that utterly useless. It now seems ‘cool’ to brag about how children score at IQ tests, something parents and guardians seem all too fond of. A high IQ test doesn’t denote these kids are going to become productive and disciplined members of society. It usually takes a lot than just a bunch of numbers signifying how ‘superior or inferior’ your mental acumen is. IQ Has Become a Lightning Rod for Bullies of All Hues The reverse is also true. By letting people know how better some kids with high IQ are parents are unconsciously painting a bull’s eye on their kids. People are all too fond of labeling and that’s where the trouble starts. Labels such as ‘nerdy’, ‘geeky’ and the rest, make these gifted individuals a target for bullies. This culture of abuse infects the abused as well. This phenomenon can be observed when people who argue about Star Trek tend to pick on people who argue about Star Wars. Just possessing a high IQ isn’t enough. Children are, for the most part, mean. They need time to mature and grow out of this phase. Letting them know their IQ can impact their mental and emotional development in more ways than one. It can invite feelings of narcissism or of inferiority, owing to the grades they get on their IQ tests. IQ Tests Are Timed, and That Makes Them Bad For the Thinkers of the World If one has to undertake an IQ test, they will find the questions are timed and one has to hurriedly answer them. Doesn’t this defeat the whole purpose of learning? Is answering questions at light-speed an essential life skill? Such an approach works only if one learns all the answers on the IQ test by rote beforehand. Even Einstein was a contemplative fella. His teachers failed him only because he took his time to answer a question. That is neither fair nor acceptable. IQ Tests Are Not For the Creative Folks This is true of IQ tests because the central focus of these tests remain in questions related to general knowledge, mathematics and scientific analysis. The questions are about choices, just black and white choices. There’s no space to measure the grey. There is no emphasis on linguistics, art and topics, which evoke the human imagination. In fact, Aristotle and Plato might have fared worse and probably devoted the entirety of their lives to being jealous of Archimedes. Archie was a scientist and mathematician whereas the two great thinkers were better versed with philosophy and spirituality. Last, But Not The Least†¦ Just having a high IQ is not enough. That could be like a person owning all the legendary race cars of the world but with no long-lasting contributions to humanity. J. R. R. Tolkien gave us a literary masterpiece and people never once considered what the IQ of the inventor of the Elvish tongue was. James Sidis, on the other hand, was known to have an IQ above 250. As much of a writer and scientist Sidis was, his achievements didn’t leave a lasting effect on humanity. This begs the question is high IQ really important for great men and women to do similarly great things in the world? The answer is a resounding ‘no’. It takes more than IQ to change the world. It takes will, guts, charisma and empathy to move the world. This is not to disparage high IQ holders, but rather a wakeup call for the world to have a more considerate and valid method of measuring one’s true potential. There’s a pressing need to come up with something better than the existing IQ tests.

A Book Review on “The Wisdom of Confucius” Free Essays

† When you see a good man, try to emulate his example, and when you see a bad man, search yourself for his faults. † That quote is one of the many morals stated by the ancient Chinese philosopher, Confucius, which we still live by today. The Wisdom of Confucius, edited and translated by Lin Yutang, takes the best things said and said about Confucius and put them into one three hundred page book. We will write a custom essay sample on A Book Review on â€Å"The Wisdom of Confucius† or any similar topic only for you Order Now It follows his life, from his lowly birth in the small town of Tsou, to his death as one of the world†s greatest philosophers. The book also shows his ideas and beliefs on such subjects as education, politics, and music, subjects still evident in modern day society. The book is mainly comprised of sections and chapters taken from ancient Chinese literature and translated into English by Yutang. He has also added his own commentary and a very lengthy introduction. Some of the books that Yutang used were: The Analects, written by one of Confucius† disciples Mencius, Spring and Autumn, written by Confucius himself, and The Book of Songs, which includes over three hundred Chinese songs and anthems edited by Confucius. Confucius was born in the small town of Tsou, Lu in 551 BC. His real name was Ch†iu K†ung. Ch†iu literally meant â€Å"hill†, and he was named this because he was born with a large bump on his head. The name Confucius means â€Å"K†ung the master. † When he was a young boy, Confucius† father and mother died and were buried together at Fangshan, a town in eastern Lu. While he was still grieving a corrupt official told Confucius that the baron of his city was giving a banquet for all of the scholars and he as not invited. This upset Confucius greatly so he left Lu. On his deathbed , the baron of Lu, Li Meng, told his son, Yi Meng, that Confucius was the descendant of a great nobleman. He also told him that Confucius would grow up to be a great philosopher, and Confucius returned to his home country of Lu, and more and more disciples came to study under him. He never stayed in the same spot for a long time. He would travel from place to place in China for long periods of time. The books calls these times as â€Å"periods of wanderings. It was during these periods of wanderings that the books were written that recorded his sayings and teachings to his disciples. These books are what has made him one of the most famous philosophers. The book does not go into any detail about where he went or what he was doing during the periods of wanderings. It only talks about what was going on in China at that period of time. The rest of the book has Confucius opinions and sayings on certain subjects. It is mostly â€Å"Confucius said this, and Confucius said that. There were a lot of interesting uotes in this part of the book, but it was extremely hard to read without falling asleep. On the subject of education, Confucius said â€Å"Forever occupy your thoughts with education. † He is telling the reader that you should always think about learning something new. You should be open to learning something from anyone you meet, no matter how old or smart you think you are. He also said â€Å"Teaching is half learning. † This means that the person who is teaching is also learning from their students. When asked the question â€Å"What do you think of repaying evil with kindness? Confucius replied â€Å"Then what are you going to repay kindness with? Repay kindness with kindness, but repay evil with justice. † Confucius† main teaching subject was gentlemen like conduct. He believed the best way to live you life was being kind . I thought this book was very hard to read. The beginning was alright when it was talking about his life, but when it got to his quotes it got tiring to read the same thing over and over. It would be a good book to read if you wanted to find a quote to make yourself sound cool in conversation or to do a report on philosophy. How to cite A Book Review on â€Å"The Wisdom of Confucius†, Papers

Phobias Essays - Phobias, Anxiety Disorders, Psychiatric Diagnosis

Phobias Everyone is afraid of something. Everyone experiences nervousness, anxiety and even in superior feelings around certain people. Some people possess these feelings so deeply that their fear is considered irrational. Even they realize that it is irrational and that they have a phobia. Millions of people suffer from phobias every day of their lives. The third largest psychological disorder in the United States is what psychologists have labelled a social phobia. A social phobia is the fear of social situations and the interactions with other people that can automatically bring on feelings of self-consciousness, judgement, evaluation, and scrutiny. They cannot overcome a social phobia without the patient first grasping exactly what triggers their fears, and then learning how to receive proper help. A social anxiety disorder or social phobia is the constant fear of being criticized or evaluated by other people. People with a social phobia are nervous, anxious, and afraid about many social situations. Simply attending a business meeting or going to a company party can be highly nerve wracking and intimidating. Although people with social anxiety want very much to be social with everyone else, their anxiety about not doing well in public is strong and hinders their best efforts. They freeze up when they meet new people, especially authority figures. They are particularly afraid that other people will notice that they are anxious, so this fear enables the anxiety to grow and turn into a vicious cycle. One example, a woman hates to stand in the grocery store because she is afraid that everyone is watching her. She knows that it is not really true, but she cannot shake the feeling. While she is shopping, she is conscious of the fact that people might be staring at her from the big mirrors on the inside front of the ceiling. Now, she has to talk to the person who is checking out the groceries. She tries to smile, but her voice comes out weakly. She is sure she is making a fool of herself. Her self-consciousness and anxiety rise to extremes. Many symptoms go hand in hand with this terrible phobia. The feelings that accompany a social phobia include anxiety, intense fear, negative thinking cycles, racing heart, blushing and trembling. In public places, such as work, meetings, or shopping, people with a social phobia feel that everyone is staring at them (even though, rationally, they know this is not true.)The socially anxious person can never relax when other people are around. It always seems as others are evaluating them, judging them, or being critical of them, so in turn, resisting social situations is much easier for the sufferer. Some specific symptoms are those people, for example, who cannot write in public because they fear people are watching and their hand will shake. Others are too overly introverted, and they find it too difficult to hold down a job. Some cannot eat in public or "freeze" when they step into a public situation. The suffered tries to avoid introductions to new people, being the focal point, or being observed while doing something, because it triggers their uncomfortable nature. Once the patient understands the sickness, they can make measures to help maintain these horrible feelings and overcome the sickness. When the phobias interfere with a person's life, treatment can help. Because few socially-anxious people have heard of their own problem, and have never seen it discussed on any of the television talk shows, they think they are the only ones who have these terrible symptoms. Therefore, they keep quiet about them. It would be too horrific if everyone realized how much anxiety they experienced in daily life. Unfortunately, without some kind of education, knowledge and treatment, social anxiety continues to wreck havoc throughout their lives. Adding to the dilemma, when a person with a social phobia gets up the nerve to seek help, the chances that they can find it are very slim. In fact, Psychiatrists have misdiagnosed people with a social phobia almost 98% of the time. People with a diagnosable DSM-IV social phobia have been mislabeled "schizophrenic," "manic-depressive," "clinically depressed," "panic disordered," and "personally disordered," among many other misdiagnoses. Successful treatment usually involves a kind of cognitive-behavioral therapy called desensitization or exposure therapy, where psychologists gradually expose patients to what frightens them until the fear begins to fade. This treatment provides methods, techniques, and strategies that all combine to lessen anxiety and make the world a much more enjoyable place. Therapy may involve learning to view social events differently, and exercises on relaxation and breathing also to help reduce anxiety symptoms.

Free Essays on Fathers In Poetry (Theodore Roetheke V. Sylvia Plath)

Fathers in Poetry: Immortalizing vs. Destroying Their Memory Everyone=s relationship with their father is different. Some idolize them, while others resent. And often these feelings exist regardless of the father=s faults. Two poems that demonstrate this well are ADaddy@ by Sylvia Plath and AMy Papa=s Waltz@ by Theodore Roethke. Both deal with the relationships the authors and their fathers had in light of the father=s faults, but aside from this the poems could hardly be more different. In ADaddy,@ Plath=s father is cold and unfeeling. Despite her best efforts, she cannot win his love. He is the Nazi to her Jew, and cannot accept anyone as inherently flawed as she. Plath realizes after thirty years that she will never come to terms with her father=s coldness and uses her poem to Akill@ his memory. Conversely, Roethke=s father in AMy Papa=s Waltz@ is robust and friendly, if only because he is intoxicated. Roethke seems to adore this father who would come home at night to romp with him before bed; thus, his poem comes across as less of an accusation and more of a fond memory of a flawed but loving parent. ADaddy@ is a murder of sorts. Plath is tired of being oppressed by her father long after his death, and attempts in this poem to kill his memory. This is evident when she states ADaddy, I have had to kill you,/ You died before I had time@ (lines 6-7). What Plath means is that she is forced to kill his memory, since he died before she could kill his person. With this piece, Plath is (in theory) free of her father just as if she=d really physically slain him. Evidence for this includes the lines AYou do not do, you do not do/ Any more, black shoe@ (lines 1-2), ADaddy, I have had to kill you@ (line 6), and ASo daddy, I=m finally through@ (line 68). Plath=s father has no more influence over her; his Ablack shoe@ is useless to control her since she has chosen to be through with him. Roethke, however, seems intent upon... Free Essays on Fathers In Poetry (Theodore Roetheke V. Sylvia Plath) Free Essays on Fathers In Poetry (Theodore Roetheke V. Sylvia Plath) Fathers in Poetry: Immortalizing vs. Destroying Their Memory Everyone=s relationship with their father is different. Some idolize them, while others resent. And often these feelings exist regardless of the father=s faults. Two poems that demonstrate this well are ADaddy@ by Sylvia Plath and AMy Papa=s Waltz@ by Theodore Roethke. Both deal with the relationships the authors and their fathers had in light of the father=s faults, but aside from this the poems could hardly be more different. In ADaddy,@ Plath=s father is cold and unfeeling. Despite her best efforts, she cannot win his love. He is the Nazi to her Jew, and cannot accept anyone as inherently flawed as she. Plath realizes after thirty years that she will never come to terms with her father=s coldness and uses her poem to Akill@ his memory. Conversely, Roethke=s father in AMy Papa=s Waltz@ is robust and friendly, if only because he is intoxicated. Roethke seems to adore this father who would come home at night to romp with him before bed; thus, his poem comes across as less of an accusation and more of a fond memory of a flawed but loving parent. ADaddy@ is a murder of sorts. Plath is tired of being oppressed by her father long after his death, and attempts in this poem to kill his memory. This is evident when she states ADaddy, I have had to kill you,/ You died before I had time@ (lines 6-7). What Plath means is that she is forced to kill his memory, since he died before she could kill his person. With this piece, Plath is (in theory) free of her father just as if she=d really physically slain him. Evidence for this includes the lines AYou do not do, you do not do/ Any more, black shoe@ (lines 1-2), ADaddy, I have had to kill you@ (line 6), and ASo daddy, I=m finally through@ (line 68). Plath=s father has no more influence over her; his Ablack shoe@ is useless to control her since she has chosen to be through with him. Roethke, however, seems intent upon...

Some Thoughts on Dashes

Some Thoughts on Dashes Some Thoughts on Dashes Some Thoughts on Dashes By Maeve Maddox A reader wonders about the use of dashes to replace colons: More and more I see dashes (of various sorts) used to do the work you say that the colon should do: introduce a word, phrase, clause, list, or quotation after a complete sentence. Is either acceptable? I can’t find an example of a dash used to introduce a quotation, but its use in place of a colon to introduce a word, phrase, clause, or list is common: â€Å"Nonetheless,† he added, â€Å"just having these recordings is not going to be sufficient† to make any definitive conclusions about the cause of the crash- a process that could take weeks, if not months.† Now students’ needs are anticipated by a small army of service professionals- mental health counselors, student-life deans and the like. Coming at the end of a sentence in this way, the use of a dash is not as jarring to me as its increasingly popular use to replace commas or parentheses within a sentence: The study’s authors hypothesized that material gains made through early agricultural success- a proxy for wealth- gave smaller groups of related men the reproductive upper hand for generations. Boko Haram has widened its efforts from capturing foreigners- who can be ransomed off for big bucks- to targeting mass numbers of young women and children who can  be put to other uses. Commas or parentheses would do just fine in each example. The choice to replace commas or parentheses with a dash should be made with a clear understanding of the effect desired. Explanatory information meant for readers who may need help with a concept can go in parenthesis: The study’s authors hypothesized that material gains made through early agricultural success (a proxy for wealth) gave smaller groups of related men the reproductive upper hand for generations. Information relevant to the sentence, but of secondary importance can go between commas: Boko Haram has widened its efforts from capturing foreigners, who can be ransomed off for big bucks, to targeting mass numbers of young women and children who can  be put to other uses. Dashes are appropriate when the purpose is to startle the reader with an unexpected interruption that provides a peripheral thought: His chisel was one of the weapons used- not that he could help that, poor fellow- and no doubt you will want to ask him questions. The dash is an attention-getting punctuation mark that can be used to change the tone of a sentence. Dashes are like the unexpected chords in The Surprise Symphony: they jerk the reader into wakefulness. They are most effective when not overused. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Addressing A Letter to Two People50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and FingersEach vs. Both

Credo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Credo - Essay Example His love never ceases and His hope remains with us, even in the darkest hours of our uncertainties, trials and tribulations. This is my journey, and this is my credo. Contents Dedication Preface Introduction Dedication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 My belief in One God . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 My understanding of Jesus Christ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 The Holy Spirit and the Trinity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Soteriology: my understanding S .G. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dedication For my mother Leonne Renazile who is a keeper of the faith and constantly praying for her children and never or neither ceases nor tires to bring them one by one, to the throne of grace. She is a champion of the faith who loves the Lord with all her heart and might. She is also a mother who loves and loves and loves again all her children. G. Herard For my husband Evrard Herard whose love and understanding has been a source of comfort, joy and encouragement to me and who has given me much more. G. Herard Many and great, O God, are thy things Maker of earth and sky; Thy hands have set the heavens with stars; Thy fingers spread the mountains and plains. Lo, at Thy Word the waters were formed; Deep seas obey Thy voice. Grant unto us communion with thee, Thou star abiding one; Come unto us and dwell with us; With thee are found the gifts of life, Bless us with life that has no end, Eternal life with Thee. Dakota Indian Hymnal, Joseph Renville, 1842. Preface The nature of my experience at NYTS! It is often noted, that the love of God has no comparison and that His ways of touching lives has always appeared to be a mysterious event which many of us call â€Å"miracles†. As much as I think that I am in full control of my actions, I always have to come to terms about someone else much greater than myself, someone who has my best interest in mind, and who made promises to guide me and my ancestors from generation to generation. Someone who promised to never leave me nor forsake me as long as I keep on trusting in Him and allowing Him

Organisation management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Organisation management - Essay Example age because the enterprise cannot act quickly â€Å"on opportunities that arise in a fast-paced business landscape, nor is it able to make productive decisions about how to change in order to seize these opportunities† (Kotter 2011). It renders an organisation less competitive because the organization is burden with bureaucracy and non-cooperation. To be able to detect silos, managers must be quick to recognize its symptoms so that it can be stopped early. Once silos have grown to point of an â€Å"empire† in an organization, it would be extremely difficult to arrest them. The first telling sign is the existence of projects in other departments or divisions or even groups without management knowing them. It is like that some groups in the organization have a life of its own. Second is the management’s lack of touch with the organization. Silos are often a product of non communication from management. Lastly, when certain groups or departments are being left out be it with information or project, the defense mechanism of such groups or departments is to hoard information and services and thus, the creation of a silo. Silos are basically founded on distrust in an organization (Burdett nd). To tear down or remove silos in an organisation, Stone advised to reward cooperative behavior among employees. Encourage innovation which silos stunt and create a culture of collaboration. Responsibilities must also be clarified so that finding opportunities in cross functional initiatives would be easier (2004). This would reinforce and promote a culture of cooperation and trust in an organization which prevents silos. Conflicts, which silos thrive can also be prevented by clarifying responsibilities so that there is no overlap of functions that makes cooperation easy. Kotter also advised that departments in an organization share data so that none is left out and no one also can hostage the organization for possessing certain data. Cooperation must also be

Flesh Fly (Sarcophagidae) Insect Dissection

Flesh Fly (Sarcophagidae) Insect Dissection Insect Physiology Lab Report of Insect Dissection (Reproductive System) Flesh Fly (Sarcophagidae) Abdirizak Nur Roble Introduction Flesh fly belongs to the family of Sarcophagidae, and the name is a  Greek word that consist of two word which are:  sarco means  flesh and phage  means eating and commonly known as flesh flies. They differ from most flies in that they are  ovoviviparous (their eggs hatch at the moments that they are expelled), and they opportunistically deposit a maggots on  carrion (meat), dung, decaying material, or open wounds of mammals, hence getting their common name (Marshall, 2012). Some flesh fly larvae are internal  parasites  of other insects such as  Orthoptera, and some, in particular the Miltogramminae, are  kleptoparasites  of solitary  Hymenoptera; although most of the more 3000 world species of Sarcophagidae probably develop om invertebrate tissue as scavengers, predators, parasitoids or kleptoparasites (Marshall, 2012) . The flesh fly, (Sarcophagidae: Diptera) is an important ectoparasite as it causes myiasis in human and other mammals (Dutto and Bertero, 2010). It has become a great concern in many parts in the world such as Bangladesh as it is a serious agent affecting human health, livestock, fish and other animal food processing factories. The maggots of this species take their nourishment from unprotected fish and meat, thus contaminate them and reducing their nutritional value (Majumder at al. 2014). The adults of most genera are easily recognizable by the gray thorax possessing longitudinal black stripes (Fig. 1). Some members of this diverse genus are significant parasitoids of locusts as well as cicadas while other have the ability to locate their hosts by sound. It can be found in everywhere in the world, even in city parks and backyards, where some breed abundantly in mundane debris (Marshall, 2012). Sarcophagids are a very useful tool for the forensic entomologist, like many other insects, they can be used to estimate the time of the death of the person (Nishida 1984, Oliveira-Costa and Mello-Patiu 2004). Weather conditions and geographic location are key factors to consider when using insect evidence to estimate the time death time of a corpse as the variation associated with time of colonization after death is not completely understood at this time (Catts 1992). The reproductive organs of insects show an incredible variety of forms, but there is a basic design and function to each component so that even the most unusual reproductive system can be understood in terms of a generalized plan. Individual components of the reproductive system can vary in shape, position and number for example, the number of ovarian or testicular tubes, or sperm storage organs so on; are different between the insect groups, and sometimes even between different species within a genus. Knowledge of the homology of the components assists in interpreting structure and function in different insects (Gullan and Cranston 2014). The General male reproductive system is shown in the below picture (Fig: 2). It is important to note here that variation among insect reproductive systems is great since they are the most diverse organism that live in our world. Even closely related species are often isolated from one another through small variations in the morphology of reproductive organs which prohibits interspecies mating and to keep each species his existence. However, a generalized system can be constructed that closely represents all reproductive systems insects. Sometimes it’s very difficult to see the reproductive systems of the insect we dissected and we do not want to be alarmed if you we are unable to locate the structures on your dissected specimens. We need to be familiar with differences in male and female genitalia and be able to identify structures when given a diagram. The best approach to understand the insect reproductive systems and the insect internal morphology in general is to preform insect dissection; in this way one can see clearly if he/she follows the corre ct procedures to form the dissection. Objectives The main objective of this lab work was to locate and identify structures associated with the reproductive morphology of the insect as well as to understand and explain the functions of specific structures associated with the insect reproductive systems. Material and Methods The male adult fly was captured from Ongku Omra college area and the flesh fly was kept alive in the Center of Insect Systematic Center (CIS) in the Faculty of Science and Technology at UKM until the dissection time. The insect were killed with an alcohol which the concentration was 70%. After the insect died the legs and the wings were removed but the rest of the insect were kept in order to assist the dissection process (the head and the thorax were pinned to give some stability during the abdomen openings). After the abdomen was opened under stereoscopic microscope, the thorax and the head were removed. The reproductive system was removed out by using very fine forceps and some pining needles. The reproductive organ were cleaned up and was placed in clean petri-dish. The different components of reproductive system were photographed and the observation of the structure of the reproductive system was started. Result and discussion The adult male shows a pair of elongated and brown colored testes one on each side of the abdomen laying just below the alimentary canal (Fig. 3). The vasa deferentia was whitish paired canal which starts from the end of testis and these vasa transportspermfrom the epididymis  to the  ejaculatory ducts. The ejaculatory duct was a long and narrow tube which led to the ejaculatory sac formed by the union of two vasa deferentia. The ejaculatory duct color was light to creamy and it was in spiral shape.  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­ The testes were cylindrical in shape and dark brownish in color and the vasa deferentia was relatively short and ejaculatory duct was long as Keucheniusv (1913) discriped in mosquitoes (Culex). The vasa deferentia were generally short and became wavy to form a common ejaculatory duct. There was a soft tube-shaped and whitish twisted accessory gland which located at the frontal end of the ejaculatory duct just behind the vas deferens. Eshcherich (1894) reported that there was pairs of tubular type accessory glands in the male genital system of Musca and Tabanus. Also Keuchenius reported that in Culex. In the current dissection of the flesh fly the accessory glands are almost similar to that in Musca and Tabanus. The base part of the ejaculatory duct showed a muscular sacà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ like structure known as ejaculatory sac, located before the aedeagus. Hewit (1912) reported the ejaculatory sac in Musca and Keuchenius (1913) also confirmed the existence of ejaculatory sac in many Dipteran species. The flesh fly dissection showed the occurrence of a small muscular sacà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ like which located behind the male genitalia. The end part of the ejaculatory duct was enclosed and it forms the male aedeagus. After the insect was dissected and the reproductive system was removed from the rest of the body and it has been drawn and the (Fig: 4) below indicates the reproductive system that was observed under microscope of the flesh fly.  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­ The dissected insect had the same structures and features of Boettcherisca peregrina (Diptera : Sarcophagidae) that was dissected by Majumder (2014) and the picture below (Fig: 5) shows the similarity of the two reproductive systems. In conclusion carrying out an insect dissection experiment will enhance one’s knowledge of the insect’s internal morphology as well as identify and learning about the different parts that associated. It will also give opportunity to understand the functions of specific structures that are associated with the insect reproductive systems. References Capinera, J. L. 2008. Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer. Catts, E. 1992. Problems in Estimating the Postmortem Interval in Death Investigations. Journal of Agricultural Entomology 9(4): 245-255. Dutto, M. Bertero, M. 2010. Traumatic Myiasis from Sarcophaga (Bercaea) Cruentata Meigen, 1826 (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) in a Hospital Environment: Reporting of a Clinical Case Following Polytrauma. J Prev Med Hyg 51(1): 50-52. Eshcherich, K. 1894. Anatomische Studien uber das mannlche Genital system der Coleopteran. Z.Wiss. Zool. 57: 620à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 641. Gullan, P. J. Cranston, P. S. 2014. The Insects: An Outline of Entomology. John Wiley Sons. Hewitt, C. G. 1912. Fannia (Homalomyia) canicularis. Linn. and F scalaris Fab. Paraisitol. 5:161  174. Keuchenius, P.E. 1913. The structure of the internal genitalia of sonic male Diptera. Z. Wiss. Zool.105: 50là ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 536. Majumder, M. Z. R., Dash, M. K., Khan, H. R. Khan, R. A. 2014. The Reproductive Biology of Flesh Fly, Boettcherisca Peregrina (Robineauà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Desvoidy, 1830)(Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 23(1): 61-67. Marshall, S. A. 2012. Flies: The Natural History and Diversity of Diptera. Firefly Books Buffalo, NY. Nishida, K. 1984. [Experimental Studies on the Estimation of Postmortem Intervals by Means of Fly Larvae Infesting Human Cadavers]. Nihon hoigaku zasshi= The Japanese journal of legal medicine 38(1): 24-41. Oliveira-Costa, J. De Mello-Patiu, C. A. 2004. Application of Forensic Entomology to Estimate of the Postmortem Interval (Pmi) in Homicide Investigations by the Rio De Janeiro Police Department in Brazil. Emergence 234(3978): 165.175.

Fighting for Hunger

In this topic, we will see how Filipinos fighting for their hunger. We can see that there are so many people who starve to death, and the government didn't do anything about this problem. I hate how the government didn't do anything to solve this problem. There are many Filipinos who begging for food for them to live. My opinion here is we should help the others, if we help the others we can save a life. Starvation is not a joke we we're talking about million lives here. The government should take an action to this issue. There are so many cases that people die because of the hunger or starvation, they die because they can't do anything to stop their hunger, they just wait for someone to give them a food. So my opinion here is let's stop this problem now let's push the government to do something in this problem. If they can't do anything then let's encourage other people to help the people who's in need. If the government can't help them, I guess it's time to help the other people for them to have a longer life. The main problem here is the government didn't do anything to solve this problem. Many Filipinos died because of hunger or you can call it starvation. The rate of starvation in our country is increasing every year and every year the number of deaths in our country is increasing as well, it is all because of the starvation. I guess we are all aware that our country is rich in street people or you can call it as a homeless people, they are the one who experienced this problem, they can't do anything because they don't have any job or any money to buy their foods. We can help the by giving them a food or at least a small amount of money. In this way, we can help the others in a simple way. The problem here is why the government didn't do anything to solve this problem, they didn't do anything to save the others life. The fact that the government didn't do anything, we should help the one who's in need. If we have extra food or extra money we should give it to the people who can't afford to buy foods. We can always start a feeding program for the hungry people. I think there are many feeding program in our country.In this way we can help others, we can save the others by giving them a food or a money. There are many ways to help the people who's in need. If the government can't take any action to this then I guess it's time for us to make a move. We can help by starting a feeding program, giving a small amount of food and money to the people who's in need. We can help others in a small way if we want to I think it's time to help and care for the other people. Always remember that sharing is caring.

Othello, By William Shakespeare - 1454 Words

William Shakespeare wrote Othello during a time of great racial tension in England. In the drama, he introduces Othello, a military general who works for the state of Venice but is by origin a Moor (a black Arab). This gives him the unique position of being one of the most important men in Venice, while simultaneously being seen as an outsider. In writing such a character for a seventeenth century English audience, the author is clearly attempting to send a message. This tension between human desire and the need for control, not only in politics but in intimate relationships, is an equalizing force among humans of different races, backgrounds, and societal status. Othello conveys a theme that all humans – even those considered outsiders, even those in powerful positions – are vulnerable to destruction through their own lusts, jealousies, and desires. While, Othello is written as a tragic character, it is important to note that the source of his tragedy was not his colo r or background, but his human weaknesses that were, in some measure, shared by all the characters. This paper will explore how human desires and weaknesses can bring about destruction, particularly when exploited by an ill-intentioned individual. Othello is introduced in the first act as the subject of a late-night argument between Iago, Othello’s standard bearer, and Rodrigo in the streets of Venice. The audience learns that Othello is a military general, and that Iago is his standard bearer. Rodrigo isShow MoreRelatedOthello, By William Shakespeare957 Words   |  4 Pagesinnocent person kills himself while not knowing the truth. The best example of that would be the play Othello by the great William Shakespeare. As little as a handkerchief could make a difference if it is a symbol for something. In the play Othello by Shakespeare, handkerchief is first introduced by Othello to his beautiful mistress, Desdemona, as a sign of their love. At the end of the play what gets Othello to take extreme measures by the location of the handkerchief. As the symbol of the handkerchiefRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1599 Words   |  7 Pages William Shakespeare’s 16th century play Othello is a duplicitous and fraudulent tale set alternatingly between Venice in act 1, and the island of Cyprus thereafter. The play follows the scandalous marriage between protagonist Othello, a Christian moore and the general of the army of Venice, and Desdemona, a respected and intelligent woman who also happens to be the daughter of the Venetian Senator Brabantio. Shakespeare undoubtedly positions the marriage to be viewed as heroic and noble, despiteRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1218 Words   |  5 PagesIn a historical time period where emphasis was shifting from religion to race and ethnicity, key indicators of differences that perpetuated into racial prejudice and racial ideologies are evident in Othello by William Shakespeare. Although racism was not fully formed at this moment in history, Othello can be interpreted as a representation and an exploration of this shift in ideology. In the past, before this change to ward racial differences, religion was the major segretory factor in signifyingRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare894 Words   |  4 Pagesthose that which occurred in Othello written by William Shakespeare. Throughout the play Othello, we see the struggles of a marriage that is not accepted by their society. Othello is a extremely cherished black general living in a primarily white community. The play begins with Othello secretly becoming married to a white woman named Desdemona. This reasons others who are white to become angry and excuse to dislike this black man further more than they already do. Othello is a downward spiral from loveRead MoreOthello by William Shakespeare790 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout Othello by William Shakespeare, Othello makes numerous poor decisions due to his jealousy. Hitting Desdemona, trusting Iago, and killing Desdemona are among a few of the poor decisions that he makes. The word jealous can be defined as feeling or showing suspicion of som eones unfaithfulness in a relationship. Othello feels suspicious of Desdemona’s and Cassio’s relationship because of the lies that Iago tells him. Many people try to tell Othello the truth but he only believes the wordsRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1923 Words   |  8 Pagesdissatisfaction or complication is shown. Firstly in Othello love is presented as ephemeral and transient while atonement love is presented as unrequited and finally in cat on a hot tin roof love is presented as painful and troublesome due to unreciprocated feelings. The tragic plot of Othello hinges on the potential of the villain, Iago, to deceive other characters, above all Roderigo and Othello, through encouraging them to misinterpret what they see. Othello is prone to Iago s ploys seeing that he himselfRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare941 Words   |  4 Pageswas Williams Shakespeare’s play Othello which depicts the tragedy of Othello, a Morris Captain. What is different about Shakespeare play is that the tragic hero is the black Othello and the villain a white Iago. Therefore, Shakespeare depiction of Othello as a tragic character and Iago as a villain, challenges Elizabethan’s stereotypes regarding individuals of African descent. Shakespeare challenges the stereotypical â€Å"type –casting of the black man† in Elizabethan society by depicting Othello asRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1152 Words   |  5 Pages‘Othello’ was a tragedy of incomprehension at the deepest level of human dealings as no one in the play came to an understanding of himself or any of the surrounding characters. The play ‘Othello’ by William Shakespeare focused on tragedy through the anguish of the main character ‘Othello’ which lead to the suffering and death of numerous characters including himself. Appearance Vs. Reality challenged human dealings within the play ‘Othello’ as no-one came to see anyone’s true self and no-one seesRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pagesprofitable in condition of good and immorality. Othello is presented as good and Iago as evil, but Iago and Othello’s relationship also shares a distrust of their wives. The overall logical argument is based on love, jealousy and betrayal between two lovers that ultimately leads to their separation because of Iago’s evil plan. I am using this article to agree with Berry s view on how Iago separates two lovers just so he can take retaliation on Othello by manipulating everyone to unmasking their trueRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1140 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Othello† is a play written by William Shakespeare in 1603. In this play, Shakespeare features three major characters: Othello, Iago, and Desdemona. Othello, a black man, and Desdemona, a white venetian secretly eloped in the play. Iago shows racism and prejudice towards their relationship because of their skin colors. In the play, Iago says: â€Å"Even now, now, very now, an old black ram is tupping your white ewe. Arise, arise! Awake the snorting citizens with the bell, or else the devil will make a

Sexual Harassment and Rape in The Military - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 665 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Sexual Assault In The Military Essay Did you like this example? Sexual Harassment and Rape Prevention (SHARP) program continues to record cases of sexual harassment and rape in the military. Bullying, coercion, and other incidences related to sexual favors are the main forms of abuse occurring in the army. However, the Department of Defense (DOD) cannot ascertain whether the rise in the reported cases of sexual harassment and abuse implies a practical increase in the vices (Hillman, 2009). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Sexual Harassment and Rape in The Military" essay for you Create order Given the intervention of the SHARP program, the military personnel are more aware of and sensitive to aspects of assaults with improved confidence in the systems that document the case. Therefore, the increase in the reported cases implies that sexual assault and abuse are diminishing through training and awareness, leading to a more sensitive and better-informed society ready to avoid, control, and report such cases. The Occurrence of Sexual Assault The cases of sexual assault occur in the military due to their lifestyles. The overconsumption of alcohol is an identified lifestyle risk exposure to sexual assault (Ray, 2015). Another factor that leads to sexual involvement is spending much time watching extremely violent content such as movies or playing video games that carry strong sexual themes. Such activities influence sexual assaults directed to either their colleagues or to ordinary citizens. An example of such incidence involved retired Col. David Riggins. Susan Shannon, an army cadet (Melissa, 2017), filed charges against the Colonel for rape. According to Melissa (2017), Suzan alleges that the rape incident happened after heavy alcohol consumption. Although the case was resolved by the court and the Col. Riggins acquitted, the issue reveals that alcohol consumption plays role in cases of the military sexual assault. Training Programs as a Mitigation to Sexual Assaults Training creates awareness and offers quality information to the military. The information gives approaches on how to avoid the occasions that increase the vulnerability of sexual assault (Headquarters, Deputy Chief of Staff, 2018). Training also supports the service men and women with the preparedness on how to respond effectively to incidences of rape irrespective of the perpetrator as well as their influence or the promised reward used to cover-up the assault. The SHARP training program helps to build confidence both in public and the military. Improved reporting through the SHARP program has enhanced the confidence of the military in managing offenses. Given that the program promotes avenues for care and confidential reporting, the number of assault cases has decreased (Ray, 2015). Therefore, the increase in reported cases is a sign of improved awareness. Ending Sexual Assault in the Military Strengthening ethical conduct in the military practice is the utmost model that would end sexual assault. Hillman (2009) avers that solidifying reporting systems and effectively prosecuting the cases would reduce such assaults. Accordingly, awareness program among individuals in the military and the public would foster a cordial relationship that eliminates negative behavioral attitudes that are incidental to sexual assault. Conclusion Sexual assault in the military is an attitude issue caused by poor behavioral tenets and social exposure. Excessive consumption of alcohol and exposure to violent sexual contents are major causes that require mitigation initiatives through training and awareness. The SHARP program should ensure that its services infiltrate the military units to deliver effective approaches with the potential to build knowledge and skills between the military and the public to curb the vice. Through improved reporting and prosecutions, the military can achieve the objective to end the sexual assault. References Headquarters, Deputy Chief of Staff Deputy Chief of Staff, G-1. (2018). Sexual assault awareness and prevention month. U.S. Army. Retrieved from https://www.army.mil/standto/2018-04-03. Hillman, E. L. (2009). Front and center: Sexual violence in US military law. Politics Society, 37(1), 101-129. Melissa, L. (2017). Woman who falsely accused former Army colonel of rape now has to pay million in damages. American Military News. Retrieved from https://americanmilitarynews.com/2017/08/woman-who-falsely-accused-former- armycolonel-of-rape-now-has-to-pay-millions-in-damages/. Ray, G. (2015). HRC SHARP program opens its doors to raise awareness. HRC Public Affairs. Retrieved from https://www.army.mil/article/147186/hrc_sharp_program_opens_its_doors_to_raise_aw a reness.

Casue Of The Civil War Essay - 824 Words

In 1850, a document called the Fugitive Slave Act was passed. Primarily, this document dealt with the reclaiming of runaway slaves. This law allowed southerners to call upon the federal government to capture runaway slaves who had fled the South and may be living in the North. The Fugitive Slave Act and the laws that went with it only caused controversy in the North. This split the North and South. In reaction to this, some northern states passed laws forbidding state officials to enforce the Fugitive Slave Law, which only angered the southern states. Northerners had become aware of the hypocrisy of slavery and became resolved to end slavery. Many abolitionists started to take action to help slaves escape. This major controversy over the†¦show more content†¦178 People’s History, Zinn). This address by Frederick Douglas stated exactly what the northern antislavery citizens saw in the South, hypocrisy and fraud. They knew that their oppression to slaves paralleled to the oppression they felt from Britain not too long ago. Since the South’s entire economy was based on the growing of cotton, and that slaves were needed to work the fields, it was apparent that the South would not ban slavery easily. Before much controversy arose, many Northern citizens did not have an opinion and remained unbiased on the issue of slavery in the South. When the Slavery Act caused a commotion in the North, writers took action to help spread the message to the unbiased citizens. Publications such as Uncle Tom’s Cabin, by Harriet Beecher Stowe, and antislavery newspapers and magazines, such as â€Å"The Liberator,† became available. These articles and stories produced a greater awareness of slavery in Northerners. As time passed, the Northerners began to take sides on the issue and the majority of them were antislavery. Debates, arguments and pushes for change got the Northerners more involved and moreShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of Franklin Pierce Essay1281 Words   |  6 Pagesthan the death of franklin s son, his vice president William Rufus King died of tuberculosis. For decades America s most debated issue was slavery. As the country expanded from the louisiana purchase and from the land taken from Mexico after the war of 1848, there was a debate of which states would be slaves states and which states would be free states. In result the compromise of 1850 was passed, the compromise pleased both sides on the issue of slavery. Kansas and Nebraska was unsettled andRead MoreNotes of a Native Son1653 Words   |  7 PagesJames Baldwin, an american writer for his novels on racial and perosnal identity focus on civil rights struggles in the united states during the civil rights movement. Notes of a native son, written in the 1940s to the eraly 1950s allows the readers to understand baldwins first hand experiences during this movement, where he faces the consequences of racial descrimination. throughout the novel, baldwin explores the most obvious actions of sexual and racial descriminations in westernRead MoreThe Bombing Of Twin Towers1654 Words   |  7 Pages11, 2001. Al-Qaeda meaning ‘The Base’ or ‘The Foundation’ is a militant Sunni Islamic global organiztion founded in 1988 by Osama bin Laden and others. As terrorist group, it participated in Global War on Terrism, War in Afganistan, War in North-West Pkistan, Somali Civil War, Irap War, Syrian Civil War and so on. Providing that Al-Qaeda did participate these happenings, it was feared by people in all over the world. Osama bin Laden, a founder of Al-Qaeda was a Saudi Arabian. When he was a college

Doubt kills more dream then actually it happens Free Essays

One of the most common things I receive questions about is doubt and lack of self- confidence. People feel the impacts of both and seem to struggle with how to overcome these forces. It’s even been said that DOUBT kills more dreams than failure! Why is that? I would submit the difference is that, with fear of failure, people will push on to achieve their goals and only give up if such sometimes outside forces overwhelm them and they lose the ability to continue whereas doubt is exclusively INTERNAL. We will write a custom essay sample on Doubt kills more dream then actually it happens or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our own feelings of inadequacy and lack of confidence overwhelm us long before actual failure typically does. We all face doubt from time to time and it’s perfectly normal. The feeling of discomfort brought on by doubt about a path you choose or a decision you make is uncomfortable and takes value away from your day. If you’re not careful, doubt can become a chronic illness, debilitating your life on a daily basis. How to cite Doubt kills more dream then actually it happens, Papers

International Market Entry Strategy

Question: Discuss about theInternational Market Entry Strategy. Answer: Introduction The primary objective of any company is to increase its market share through its business growth. The advanced technology in the modern business world has availed the companies with expansion opportunities. The continued business growth results to companies saturating the local markets and thus forcing them to penetrate the international markets. However, the penetration in the international market requires the organization to come up with comprehensive and extensive marketing plan covering each aspect of the international marketing(Calegario, et al., 2015, p. 50). These aspects may include entry strategy, analysis of the target market as well as the positioning of the product(Demirbag, et al., 2010, p. 211). For an extensive discussion of the international market, this report aims to address the aspects of the international marketing by Australian Fruit Grower Company. The company is dealing with the production of the fruits as well selling them directly either to intermediate custo mers or final customers without the involvement of the distributor. Alternatively, the company has experienced growth in its business and anticipates to penetrate into the international market by entering the fruit market in Singapore. Singapore fruit market will be the suitable destination due to the countrys little production of the agricultural products. Singapore Fruit Market Overview The Singapore fruit market is known as one of the best in the globe. Normally referred to as wet market it comprises a variety of grown products from Australia, New Zealand, India, and China as well as from Western and Eastern nations. The market is majorly known for offering fresh products, and thus it opens early in the morning and then closes at late noon. The fruit market in Singapore comprises of several markets such as Tiong Bahru Market, Tekka Market, and Chinatown Wet Market among many others. Singapore is one of the largest fruit importers in the South East Asia. The statistics indicate that more than ninety percent of the agricultural products are imported(Orissa International Pte Ltd, 2013, p. 13). Of the ninety percent of the imported agricultural products, five percent comprises of fruits. The research findings indicate that ninety-five percent of the fruits consumed in Singapore are imported from other countries (Flanders Investment Trade, 2016, p. 3). This makes Singa pore fruit market a perfect entry for any Australian company dealing with fruits production. The countys fruit market is expected to grow proportionally with the growth of the population. This is because the Singapore citizens are high consumers of the fruit products. Rationale and Entry Mode The Large part of the arable land in Singapore comprises of the permanent crops thus leaving with no other option other than to import the agricultural products. Therefore, Singapore fruit market is a strategic market that an Australian fruit grower company can expand its operations to. For the entry mode, there are various strategies that the company can use to penetrate in this international market. There is no single entry mode for all the international markets, and thus the marketers should use different entry strategies for different global markets(Chatterjee, 2002, p. 790). Alternatively, the company can apply the combination of various entry strategies according to the trends in the target market. However, before the marketer comes with the right strategy, he or she should first strive to understand the aspects influencing the choice of entry(Brouthers, Hennart, 2007, p. 400). Some of these aspects include distribution costs, marketing costs, adaptability of the product in th e market and tariff rates. According to the characteristics of the Singapore fruit market, the combination of the following strategies discussed below can be suitable for the market entry. Partnering The aspect of partnering is one of the most entry strategies when entering the foreign markets(Chatterjee, 2002, p. 795). Alternatively, the research findings indicate that in Asia partnership with the local distributors can enable effective and successful strategy for the exporters(Trade Start.CA, 2016).The partnering concept can take the various forms such as arranging for co-marketing or entering into an alliance with fruit processing entities. Partnering becomes a necessary strategy whereby social set up and business in a foreign market is totally different from the marketer's market or the culture do not allow the importer to enter the market. For Singapore market, partnering with the local distributors will be most appropriate. This is because the fruit products in Singapore is normally distributed via domestic importers who then provide them to local retailers(Kweke, 2015, p. 8). The retailers then store the products in their warehouses where they store and repack them ready t o be provided in the market. The target market of these retailers includes wet markets, small neighboring stores as well as hawkers. Direct Exporting Direct marketing entails the company offering the products directly to the identified market by using its resources. It can work best for the Australian fruit grower company. This is because fruit products are highly perishable, and the entry through the partnerships may result to limited promotional of the company product in the new foreign market. This strategy will be achieved through the company getting the distributors or agents to act on behalf of the company. The distributors will become the face of the company and thus should be treated the same way as the companys staff. The Singapore fruit market is concentrated in wet markets. Therefore, the company should focus on getting the agents in one or several of the wet markets. This report suggests that the company should choose Tekka and Chinatown markets as the target markets of entry. International Market Environment Analysis The international business analysis is crucial in determining the company's competitive advantage in the market(Arasa Gideon, 2015, p. 375). The findings indicate that the global environment is greatly affected by macro environment factors such as culture, government regulations, technology, politics, physical environment and economic environment(Davis, et al., 2002, p. 242). This report discusses some of these aspects about the Singapore fruit market. Culture: Cultural differences is very influential in determining the entry of the company in the international market(Hofstede, 1984, p. 32). Society and religion of the Singapore citizens do not discourage the consumption of fruits, and thus this aspect will be for the Australian fruit grower company. Government regulations: Because of the Singapore low production of agricultural products, the countrys government encourage the importation of the agricultural commodities. Technology: Singapore is endowed with very robust technology which the company can use to preserve the fruits. Physical environment: The Singapore climate and weather patterns are very conducive for foreign investors. Economic Environment: Singapore is one of the most wealth markets in the South East Asia, and only a few citizens are low-income earners. Target Customer Profile As a marketer trying to advertise and sell the company products to everyone may be the waste of time and resources(Rothaermel, et al., 2006, p. 55). This is because not everyone will be interested in the products being promoted. For the Australian fruit grower company, it should focus on the target market based on the following aspects. Psychographics: The Company will target the consumers leaving in the cities who portray high lifestyles. This is because they are likely to consume imported from products as they comprise of people from different regions of the globe. Geographic Location: The objective of the company will be to target the people living in the cities around Tekka and Chinatown markets. Demographics: Majority of the Singapore citizens are high-income earners. The company will focus on these group of citizens and more specifically women as they ones who normally who carry out household shopping. Product Positioning Product positioning is fundamental when the company is introducing the product in the new market(Twarowska KƦkol, 2013, p. 1008). It provides an opportunity for the company to communicate its product to the target market. Alternatively, the company should ensure effective product positioning because when consumers are making buying decision majorly based on this aspect(Oxley Yeung, 2001, p. 710). Given the nature of the product being introduced in the Singapore, the company will need to position its business as well as its product. The product differentiation strategy will be for the entry in the new market. The company can adopt the applicability of this technique by coming up with the new species of fruits which are not being provided in the Singapore fruit market. Again, the company should adopt a competitive strategy whereby it can set the lower prices for a certain period as the way of building its market share in the new market. Conclusion International marketing is a crucial aspect of any company. Either small sized, medium or an international corporation the companies should have a comprehensive and extensive understanding of the concepts and aspects of the international marketing. This is because the continued expansion of the company business may force it to broaden its market by penetrating in the global market. Australian Fruit Grower Company will be very effective and successful if the company adopts the strategies suggested through the report. For this entry company strategies and the target market are the most fundamental considerations. It is the effectiveness of the company product penetration that will determine whether the product finds its place in the Singapore fruit market or not. Alternatively, the target market will determine whether the company products succeeds in the new foreign market or not. References Arias, R. Gideon, L. N., 2015. The Influence Of International Market Entry Strategies On Firm Financial Performance: A Study of the Manufacturing Multinationals in Kenya. International Journal of Economics, Commerce, and Management, United Kingdom, 3(9), pp. 364-386. Brothers, K. D. Hennart, J. F., 2007. Boundaries of the Firm: Insights from international entry mode research. Journal of Management, 33(3), p. 395425. Calegari, C. L. L., Houston, J. E. Bruhn, N. C. P., 2015. Foreign Market Entry Strategies In The United States/European Union Agribusiness Trade Context. International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics, 3(3), pp. 47-61. Chatterjee, S., 2002. Excess Resources, Utilization Costs, and Mode Entry. The Academy of Management Journal, 33(44), pp. 780-800. Davis, P., Desai, A. Francis, J., 2002. Mode of International Entry: An Isomorphism Perspective. Journal of International Business Studies, 31(2), pp. 239-258. Demirbag, M., McGuinness, M. Altay, H., 2010. Perceptions of institutional environment and entry mode. Management International Review, 50(2), pp. 207-240. Flanders Investment Trade, 2016. Fresh Fruits Vegetables In Singapore, Axa Tower: Flanders Investment Trade. Hofstede, G. H., 1984. Cultures consequences. International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills: CA: Sage. Kwok, A., 2015. Assessments Of Commodity And Trade Issues, Napier Road: U.S. Embassy/USDA. Orissa International Pte Ltd, 2013. Food And Beverage Market Singapore , Zrich: Switzerland Global Enterprise . Oxley, J. Yeung, B., 2001. E-commerce readiness: Institutional environment and international competitiveness. Journal of International Business Studies, 3(2), pp. 705-723. Rothaermel, F. T., Kotha , S. Steensma , K., 2006. International Market Entry by U.S. Internet Firms: An Empirical Analysis of Country Risk, National Culture, and Market Size. Journal of Management, 32(1), pp. 56-82 . Trade Start.CA, 2016. Market Entry Strategies. [Online] Available at: https://www.tradestart.ca/market-entry-strategies [Accessed 14 September 2016]. Twarowska , K. KƦkol , M., 2013. International Business Strategy - Reasons And Forms Of Expansion Into Foreign Markets. Knowledege management and Innovation: Zadar Croatia International Conference, 2(3), pp. 1005- 1011.

The Impact of Audience Fragmentation on Public Service Broadcasting

Introduction Over the past few decades, media audiences have experienced fragmentation in many countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia partly because of increase in media choices. Audience fragmentation and media polarization are common in today’s generation dominated by technology and the new media.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Audience Fragmentation on Public Service Broadcasting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Audience fragmentation is caused by media proliferation, which makes the broadcast opportunities more diverse posing a challenge to media providers and advertisers. The media proliferation means that the media content, once a preserve of specific outlets such as public broadcasters, is now available in all platforms, which results to a more participatory and fragmented audience. While this may be good for democratic development, it presents major ch allenges that affect mainstream media financially (Benkler 32). Society and audiences in many countries are changing in line with the developments in media technology, the new media, and the internet. In Australia, the audience is increasingly becoming fragmented particularly with regard to television viewing. In 2009, about 84% of all Australian households were audience of free-t-air TV, which, however, was shared with three other major stations (FreeTV 12). Audience fragmentation in Australia has arisen due to increase in the number of commercial channels. By the end of 2010, the number of free-to-air channels grew sharply with the licensing of six additional government-sponsored and commercial television channels further contributing to audience fragmentation (FreeTV 9). Public broadcasters have responded quite positively to the changing media environment. Radio stations, television networks and other content providers have rapidly shifted their services to involve the internet. At the same time, public broadcasting has adopted more personalized services and products to meet the diverse needs of the consumer in a fragmented society (Murdock 54). Despite the stiff competition occasioned by media proliferation, public broadcasting is best suited in delivering and receiving content that informs, entertains, and educates a fragmented society through the new media and the internet in line with its original mission and therefore public broadcasting is still necessary even in the face of audience fragmentation and proliferation of media outlets.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Principles of Public Broadcasting The commercial broadcasters often offer programs that propagate their commercial interests. In contrast, public broadcasters’ mission is to offer a balanced programming that focuses on public and governance affairs while being politically ne utral and non-commercial (Tomaselli 31). However, with the recent advancements in technology and the emergence of the new media, which has led to audience fragmentation, public broadcasters appear to compromise their initial mission. Among the principles of public broadcasting is its quest to be universally accessible and have a universal appeal (Tomaselli 34). By integrating technology like digital Audio broadcasting (DAB) into public broadcasting, public broadcasters have been able to increase their reach in most countries. In Australia, DAB digital radio is broadcasted in five major metropolitan areas with the community radio sector shifting to digital broadcasting to increase accessibility (Free TV 12). Public service broadcasting should be available to everyone regardless of his or her geographical location. In Australia, a digital community radio was launched on May 2011, to offer a broad range of digital content and increase accessibility of public broadcasting (CBAA). Unlike commercial broadcasting, which is governed by commercial and advertising interests, public service broadcasting plays a crucial role in dissemination of unbiased information to the public. It offers a forum for public debate on issues affecting the people, which enable people to make informed choices. In this way, public service broadcasting allows people to express their opinions on contentious issues and in the process fosters cohesion in the society. Public broadcasting also empowers citizens owing to its programs that cover governance and political issues (Tomaselli 39). This phenomenon enhances the quality of life of individuals and social groups can participate in issues affecting their economic and social lives. Public broadcasting, therefore, offers actual and unbiased information, which promotes free opinion formation as compared to other commercial broadcasters and this trend makes public broadcasting necessary in the society even in the wake of audience fragmentation and media proliferation. Public service broadcasting also takes into account the interests of the minority within the society with an intention of promoting social cohesion. The central issue, however, is whether public broadcasting can be detached from government interests given its source of funding.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of Audience Fragmentation on Public Service Broadcasting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Public broadcasters are expected to exercise independence from political interference or commercial interests. However, absolute independence is often difficult in practice. In addition, the public broadcasters need to emphasize on quality programming instead of multi-channeling, which is common in commercial broadcasting to support the programs. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) increased the number of channels, which has affected the quality of its programming and stretche d its resources (Frangopoulos Para. 2). Public Broadcasting and the New Digital technologies The technological developments have made it easier for both the media providers and the users to move across the media platforms. Digital technologies have led to the new media commonly referred to as â€Å"social media†, which also has contributed to audience fragmentation. These include social networks like Face book, video sharing media such as You Tube and search engines such as Google and iTunes (Webster 371). The social media, unlike the traditional media, aim at increasing their popularity and in the process attract more audience. To achieve popularity, many of the social media compete for audience by offering attractive user-friendly options to attract the attention of the users. Unfortunately, the attention of the public is limited and scarce. The focus of the new media is to catch the attention of the audience as the prerequisite for attaining their social and economic objec tives (Davenport and Beck 65) and this has led to the proliferation of the social media further contributing to audience fragmentation. However, integration of public broadcasting and social media allows the public to debate on national issues more effectively. The media users also contribute to audience fragmentation as they usually choose the media products they prefer. The user preferences are reflective of their attitudes, their needs, or tastes. The audience can opt to remain loyal to a particular genre provided by a given media or sample a diverse range of media genres. Users preferring a particular genre especially with regard to news lead to a highly focused audience known as â€Å"gated communities† or â€Å"enclaves†, which lead to audience fragmentation (Iyengar and Hahn 112). The users are expected to understand the media environment in which they operate.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the proliferation of the media outlets especially the digital media makes perfect understanding of the digital marketplace almost impossible. In addition, the diversity of the media products makes informed user choice difficult. Users cannot even be sure of which brand would provide the desired gratification and therefore have to sample different media outlets. Public broadcasting offers better means through which the public perceives and addresses public affairs through digital technology and the new media forms, partly because public broadcasting, owing to its focus on public affairs, enjoys a higher level of public trust than the commercial broadcasting. In addition, public broadcasting focuses on universal accessibility and therefore, the new technologies offer a platform to increase its reach in line with its mission. Forms of Media Fragmentation The proliferation of media outlets like channels and websites or media products as music or movies play a significant role i n audience fragmentation termed media-centric fragmentation. Under media-centric fragmentation, the media providers are arranged from the most popular to the least popular using data derived from monthly visitors or total sales reached in a month conducted by independent providers (Anderson 54). In media-centric fragmentation, the audiences are spread across many media outlets. In Australia, rationalization of the audience is high and continues to increase because of restrictions that prevent multi-channeling. By 2009, free-to-air TV (FTA) had an estimated audience of 84%, which it shared with three other commercial TV stations (FreeTV 16). In 2011, three national TV channels, three more channels that are commercial and Pay TV have entered the market. However, government restrictions prevent multi-channeling involving FTA broadcasting (FreeTV 13). This has contributed to audience fragmentation as users and advertisers migrate to other media including the new media. Despite the conti nued fragmentation of the audience, public broadcasting remains a reliable means of promoting social cohesion while promoting diversity of culture. The public broadcasting works is even more useful in a fragmented society as the individual needs of social groups and community public service broadcasters address minorities more effectively. Fragmentation at micro-level involves the distribution of each individual’s use of media across many providers. People become specialized in their patterns of media use by becoming concentrating on a certain class of media products or media outlets that deliver the desired services. In addition, under the micro-level fragmentation, the characteristics of the audience e.g. age or gender is common. The audience relies on subsets of the available media, at a micro-level, on a daily basis to obtain relevant information in the complex media environment. The public broadcasters through its range of educative and informative programs can attract a ll different segments of audience as they discuss political, economic, and social issues affecting their lives. Another form of audience fragmentation relies on a macro-level way of perceiving audiences based on the media they use. This approach can identify the audience for a particular media outlet and by doing so; it is easier to determine how the public attention is spread across the media environment. The macro-level fragmentation can evaluate channel loyalty and audience flows within the media environment (Napoli 67). According to Webster, analysis of the media environment which indicates that users do not spend a lot of time in gated communities but rather sample a variety of media products to satisfy their needs (378). The Future of Audience Fragmentation In spite of audience fragmentation caused by interactions between media providers and users, public broadcasting remains an important source of media products. According to Webster, most media users do not spend much time i n niches or gated communities nor does typical users consume particular media products only, rather most of them range widely across the media outlets as they search desired media products (381). The audiences may appear highly fragmented but they do not stay long within the niches or gated communities. Majority of the users have rather varied media repertoires, which are specialized subsets of media that provide desired media products at particular times. This implies that the micro-level and macro-level fragmentation have no much impact on the consumption patterns of the audience. In fact, the public prefers to associate and debate public affairs. The public broadcasting offers an ideal platform for citizens to be informed on national issues and contributes to national development. Moreover, despite relying on different media repertoires, users can still get the same products and the traditional media remains a preferred source of quality media content. The popularity of the media providers is fundamental to the future distribution of audiences across the media environment. Anderson beliefs that the many media offerings or choices offered would contribute to audience fragmentation in the future (181). Frank and Cook, on the other hand expect that high concentration of the audiences will continue to be experienced in the digital media as compared to other forms of media (56). Moreover, in the digital media, because of differential quality of the digital media products, there will be less audience fragmentation. Due to the diversity of the digital media products and the social nature of the digital media, it is likely that the digital media will become more popular than the traditional media. Audience fragmentation is not likely to be high in digital media as the quality of media products is not normally uniform. Assuming the prices are fairly the same, the audience choices would gravitate towards the digital media that offers high quality choices. As Caves no tes, most content providers and the users alike tend to prefer high quality media products if they can afford them (33). Digital media provides a platform for providers and the users to access high quality services on demand, which effectively reduces the available choices and concentrates the audiences around the best media options thus reducing audience fragmentation. The social nature of the digital media consumption makes digital media more desirable. Through social media networks like Facebook, You Tube, and Twitter among others, few programs, or sports events contribute to live audience debates on various topics, which the public broadcasting service can use to propagate its mission. The social networks also allow simultaneous media use especially alongside television viewing. Twitter and Facebook allow conversations on a virtual space, which concentrates the audience on these networks as they discuss topics they find noteworthy. Since the digital media products are more diver se, the users rely on recommendation systems that guide their consumption. While the media recommendation systems may vary across the media environment, they are mostly directed at promoting the popular media products or media outlets relying on the information on what other have chosen (Webster 389). Nevertheless, the digital products, the media outlets, or their content only varies slightly. The major concern about audience fragmentation is its economic impact on advertising as companies find it difficult to reach the intended market due to audience fragmentation. Contrary to these concerns, fragmentation, and the large number of media channels actually allows practitioners to reach a large number of audiences and can even provide access to additional audience. In order to maximize reach, advertising should be carried out across multiple media channels (Ephron 19). A study conducted by Newstead to establish the strategies of maximizing reach to the Australian market, found out tha t, extending the media coverage coupled by distribution over a wide range of media during advertising increases reach efficiency of between 2-46% (Newstead 76). Despite the proliferation of media outlets, the media outlets offer more or less similar content, which makes public broadcasting even more reliable as a source of information. Conclusion It is evident that the proliferation of commercial media outlets has influenced public broadcasting in many ways. However, public broadcasting in many countries remains the appropriate means of promoting public interaction. Due to competition from commercial broadcasters, public broadcasting has adopted different broadcasting methods involving introduction of diverse programs tailored for specific social groups, more interactive programs that make use of the new media, and introduction of appealing media content. In addition, public broadcasting has made use of digital technologies to promote accessibility in line with its mandate. All this has translated to public broadcasting playing an important role particularly with regard to promoting social cohesion. In conclusion, public broadcasting is still necessary even in the wake of recent proliferation of media outlets and audience fragmentation. Works Cited Anderson, Craig. Free: The future of a radical price. New York: Hyperion, 2009. Benkler, Yunus. The wealth of networks: How social production transforms  Markets and Freedom. New Haven, CN: Yale University Press, 2006. Caves, Richard. Switching channels: Organization and change in TV broadcasting.  Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005. Community Broadcasting of Australia (CBAA). â€Å"Sidney Community Radio Digital Launch†. 2011. 3/6/2011. Web. Davenport, Tim, and Beck, Julie. The attention economy: Understanding the new  Currency of business. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 2001. Ephron, Eric. â€Å"More Weeks, Less Weight: The Shelf-Space Model of Advertising.†Ã‚  Journal of Advertising Research 23.1 (1995): 18-23. Frangopoulos, Angie. ABC’s purpose lost in 24-hr transmission, 2010. Web. Frank, Rodger, and Cook, Peter. The winner-take-all society: Why the few at the  Top get so much more than the rest of us. New York: Penguin, 1995. FreeTV. Industry Report: 2009 Year in Review. FreeTV Australia. 2010:9-16. Iyengar, Steve, and Hahn, Kim. â€Å"Red media, blue media: Evidence of ideological Selectivity in media use.† Journal of Communication 59.1 (2009):110-115. Murdock, Grace. Citizens, consumers, and public culture. London: Routledge, 1992: Napoli, Peter. Audience evolution: New technologies and the transformation of media  Audiences. New York: Columbia University Press, 2011. Newstead, Kim. Best-practice media scheduling a practical application. Adelaide: University of South Australia. 2010. Tomaselli, Robin. â€Å"Public Service Broadcasting in the Age of Information Capitalism.†Ã‚  Communicare 8.2 (1989): 27-41. Webster, Gor don. â€Å"Beneath the veneer of fragmentation: Television audience Polarization in a multichannel world.† Journal of Communication 55.2 (2005): 366-389. This essay on The Impact of Audience Fragmentation on Public Service Broadcasting was written and submitted by user Jaylen Ochoa to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.